Nagaland- Mithun
Common Name: Mithun
Local Name: Gayal
Scientific Name: Bos frontalis
Description
Mithun, also known as Gayal, is a large, semi-domesticated bovine found in the hilly regions of Northeast India, particularly in Arunachal Pradesh. It is an important cultural and economic asset for the local tribes. Mithuns are known for their robust build, with a body length of about 240-300 cm and a height of 135-150 cm at the shoulder. They have a sturdy body covered with a dense coat of hair, which can vary in color from dark brown to black, and occasionally, lighter shades. Their horns are prominent and curve upwards.
Distribution
Mithun is predominantly found in the forested hilly regions of Northeast India, including Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. It is also found in some parts of Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and China. In Arunachal Pradesh, they are primarily found in the districts of West Kameng, East Kameng, Tawang, Lower Subansiri, Upper Subansiri, and Tirap.
Threats
Habitat Loss: Deforestation and shifting cultivation practices are major threats to the natural habitat of Mithuns.
Disease: Lack of veterinary care and disease outbreaks can significantly affect Mithun populations.
Genetic Erosion: Cross-breeding with other bovine species may lead to the loss of pure Mithun genetic traits.
Climate Change: Changing climatic conditions can impact the availability of natural resources like food and water.
Human-Wildlife Conflict: As human populations expand, conflicts between Mithuns and humans over resources can occur.