Andaman and Nicobar Islands- Dugong
Common Name: Dugong
Local Name: Sea Cow
Scientific Name: Dugong dugon
Description
The Dugong, also known as the Sea Cow, is a large marine mammal with a distinctive, rotund body covered with thick, smooth skin that is grayish-brown in color. They have a fluked tail similar to that of a whale, and paddle-like forelimbs. Dugongs are herbivorous, primarily grazing on seagrass, and can weigh between 250 to 900 kg, with lengths ranging from 2.5 to 3.3 meters. They are slow-moving and gentle creatures, often seen alone or in small groups.
Distribution
The Dugong is found in warm coastal waters from East Africa to Australia, including the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. In India, the Dugong is primarily found in the shallow waters around the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Gulf of Mannar, and the Palk Bay region. The seagrass beds in these regions are critical habitats for Dugongs.
Threats
Habitat Degradation: Destruction of seagrass beds due to coastal development, pollution, and sedimentation poses a significant threat to Dugong populations.
Bycatch: Dugongs are often accidentally caught in fishing nets, which can lead to injury or death.
Hunting: Illegal hunting for meat and oil, although less common now, still occurs in some areas.
Boat Strikes: Collisions with boats and ships can injure or kill Dugongs.
Climate Change: Rising sea temperatures and changing sea levels can impact the health and distribution of seagrass beds, affecting Dugong food sources.